Internet †Based Learning Versus Traditional Classroom Learning.

Introduction Internet – based learning and traditional classroom learning are the popular learning styles known to some people. There have been several debates and which is still going on about which learning is the best. However, both learning styles have their limitations, advantages and disadvantages, but researchers still argue that one of the learning styles earlier mentioned is better than the other. Critics point out that Web-based training is a good alternative for independent, self-motivated students but that technical issues and the need for human contact limit its usefulness for students with other learning styles.More about these learning styles will be discussed in this paper. Definition of Internet – Based Learning Internet-based learning also known as e-learning is any-time, anywhere instruction delivered over the Internet to browser-equipped learners [1]. According to Allison Rossett, She said; â€Å"Web-based learning is a training that resides on a se rver or host computer that is connected to the World Wide Web. † Rossett also considers internet-based learning to be a training that is delivered partially or entirely through electronic hardware, software, or maybe both [2].Another definition of internet-based or web-based learning is the teaching and learning supported by the resources and attributes of the Internet [3]. There are two primary models of Web-based instruction: synchronous (instructor-facilitated) and asynchronous (self-directed, self-paced). Instruction can be delivered by a combination of static methods (learning portals, hyperlinked pages, screen cam tutorials, streaming audio/video, and live Web broadcasts) and interactive methods (threaded discussions, chats, and desk-top video conferencing). ICT RevolutionThe arrival of Information Communication Technology (ICT) revolution has made the world witness an expansion in Lifelong Learning, and it is also an ongoing process. The new ICT revolution has enabled a cademic institutions to provide more open and flexible learning environment for students. The Internet is possibly the most transformative technology in history for reshaping business, media, entertainment, and the society in amazing ways. But for all its power, it is now being tapped to transform education. Computer based learning and teaching is a rapidly growing area in education.Opportunities are evolving in the area of web-based learning through ICT enabled education as bandwidth and transmission speed increases. These opportunities are increasing accessibilities and the quality of ICT enabled education. The convergence of new information technologies such as computers, satellites, telecommunications, and fiber optic technologies make it easier for institutions to implement Lifelong Learning. Web-based course delivery can offer a vibrant learning environment created through different teaching strategies, activities, and technologies.Traditional forms of education are being tran sformed as the Internet becomes the new medium for communication [4]. Advantages of Internet – Based Learning With the emergence of Internet-based Learning, people are now able to achieve their masters’ degree. Internet-based learning provides flexibility to pursue education at personally convenient times. Internet-based learning also provides opportunity to take time to compose thoughts or ideas contributed in class on newsgroups which is the asynchronous type of web-based instruction.Furthermore, it enables interaction with classmates in different locations with the help of audio CDs, Video CDs, and real time text. Using hardware to provide education is synchronous communication. Internet-based learning reduces the cost of travelling to attend lectures. Students using the Internet-based learning style tend to have wider range of opinions and views about some of the discussion made. Students are able to progress in a course at their pace and in order of their own pers onal needs [5]. Limitation of Internet – Based learning Everything in this world comes with positive and negative points.Similarly Web Based Training also has its share of disadvantages and limitations. Some of the limitations to internet based learning in that it reduces face to face interactions by making it impossible for the student to ask questions because answers can’t be provided. When the student is not motivated, it leads to drop out. The cost of computer equipments and communication infrastructure may limit the number of students that can afford internet-based learning. The internet-based learning may be intimating or awkward for some students to use.Students will have a lack of technical support in their homes to use the software tools needed in the course. Poor technical support or tutorial help can lead to incorrect usage of software tools needed to do assignments [5]. Definition of Traditional Classroom Learning The traditional classroom has been successf ul because it provides a means through which learning happens. Traditional classroom learning also called back-to-basics refers to a room especially designed and furnished to provide a favorable learning environment [6].Advantages of Traditional Classroom Learning The advantage of traditional classroom learning is that it gives opportunity for students to get correct response from the teacher immediately a question is been asked. There is a room for the instructor to conduct secure assessments. Traditional classroom learning is closed and fairly free from outside distractions. It is fairly homogenous and concentrated. Another advantage of traditional classroom learning is that it provides students with a fixed schedule and specific periods dedicated exclusively to learning.In a traditional classroom environment, learning begins with the teacher sharing his knowledge with students, proceeds with discussions between the teacher and the students and ends with the new information writte n in notebooks. The learning atmosphere of the traditional classroom helps them to stay focused and keeps them motivated [7]. Limitations of Traditional Classroom Learning Traditional training emphasizes passing tests, whether or not students understand the testing material. The learning process is thus devalued, and students are not encouraged to understand the methods, techniques and skills required to find answers.It ignores individual learning differences between students. There is also no flexibility in traditional classroom learning. Not all students can afford to travel to the place where they get lectures, considering this, it may present an issue to financially challenged students [8]. Conclusion Traditional forms of education are being transformed as the Internet becomes the new medium for communication. Internet-based learning is a very good form of learning, but the introduction should not necessary mean that traditional classroom form of learning should be eliminated.In ternet-based learning should be used for lecturing and traditional classroom learning for the practical part of learning, workshop and labs. Combining both forms of learning (that is; internet-based learning and traditional classroom learning) will not be a bad idea at all that is, if applied carefully. Works Cited [1] Clark, Donald. â€Å"Defining eLearning. † 8 December 2010. 2 June 2012 . [2] â€Å"Web-Based Instruction Defined. † April 2011 . Learning Technologies at Virginia Tech. 2 June 2012 . [3] Rouse, Margaret. Web-based training (e-learning). † 2005. SearchSOA. 2 June 2012 . [4] â€Å"INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY-SKILLS DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION (ICT-SDE). † 2010. University of Mumbai. 2 June 2012 . [5] Quintana, Yuri. â€Å"Evaluating the Value and Effectiveness of Internet-Based Learning. † isoc. org. 3 June 2012 . [6] â€Å"Traditional Education. † 23 May 2012. Wikipedia. 3 June 2012 . [7] â€Å"Advantages & Disadvantages of Classroom Learning. † 1999-2012. eHow. 3 June 2012 . [8] â€Å"Disadvantages of Traditional Classroom Training. † 1999-2012. eHow. 3 June 2012 .

Examples of Fallacies

Examples of Fallacies (1 Appeal to Authority: An example of appealing to authority can be found in many television commercials. This fallacy is used on television by many companies trying to sell, or gain profit, by using athletes, or well-known figures to advertise their product for them. They do this in order to persuade consumers to buy their goods, due to their idols using them; even though, many of the famous people aren't qualified to give expert opinions about the product.A commercial that uses this type of fallacy is Bacardi, who advertises tennis player Novak Djokovic saying, â€Å"Champions Drink Responsibly. (2. ) Appeal to Pity: An example of appealing to pity can be found in many classrooms. This is when a fallacious excuse is given to make sense of an argument, or come to a conclusion, by making us feel sorry enough to make a decision of the pity. A student might use this fallacy if they forgot to do turn in an assignment by saying, â€Å"Sorry, I Just couldn't do the homework this weekend, my dog ate the work sheet you handed out. This might get the pity of some teachers, while others will recognize the fallacy, along with making the right decision accordingly, considering that the reason could be true. (3. Appeal to Fear: Appealing to fear is when an authority, usually higher, tries to prevail by coming to conclusions with fear. By doing this they usually disregard which situation is right and Justified. An example of this fallacy can occur in a sport, such as baseball.Parents could be screaming at their children that their pitching, or batting form isn't right, and if they don't change it they will not be any good. However, they completely disregard that everyone is unique, and does things differently. Appeal to Ignorance: In this appeal someone is actually asking their opponent to prove them wrong, so f they can't they automatically are wrong. However, it is the Job of the person actually purposing the argument to disprove the statement.An e xample of this fallacy is the Loch ness monster. Many people argue that they have seen it, while other say it is absurd that such a thing exists without everyone knowing. There is no way of telling if the monster is actually real or not, because Just saying it does not exist, isn't a solid enough reason for believing that it does. Examples of Fallacies: Appeal to Authority, Pity, Fear, and Ignorance By fballislifenunuOO

MBA Markeing Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MBA Markeing Communications - Essay Example hand even cheaper products sometimes move rapidly in the market because of the strong marketing communication between the manufacturer and the consumers. Marketing people have many weapons like advertising, branding, direct marketing, graphic designs, packaging, sponsorship, public relations, sales promotion online marketing etc in their armoury to communicate effectively with the market. This paper briefly analyzes Sales Promotion as an integrated marketing communication strategy. Sales promotion is an activity intended for increasing the sale of a product undertaken by organization. It can be of different types based on the market and the product specialties. It is difficult to pin point all the sales promotion activities because of the high volume of creative and innovative sales promotions are entering in the market daily. Manufacturers spend millions of dollars in researching for new methods in sales promotion since they know very well that the traditional sales promotions may not attract the customers much. ‘Buy-One-Get-One-Free (BOGOF), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), New media, Merchandising, Free gifts, Discounted prices, Joint promotions, Free samples, Vouchers and coupons, Competitions and prize draws, etc are some of the common sales promotion methods’ (Sales Promotion, 2009). â€Å"Buy-One-Get-One-Free† is a common sales promotion campaign undertaken by marketing people. The consumers will be offered another one when they purchase one, free of cost in this type of sales promotion strategy. In customer relationship management, the consumers will get bonus points for every product they purchased or service they used which can be later converted in purchasing another product or service later. For example, most of the airliners offer the passengers bonus points for the air miles they travelled in their aircrafts which can be later converted to another free trip. Free gifts are another method for attracting customers. When we purchase a car,

Ted Talk Response Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ted Talk Response - Movie Review Example With respect to empathy being relevant, the public at large can acquire correct information regarding the existing enmity between Americans and Iraqis. This understanding can also help in disregarding bogus information provided by media regarding conflicts taking place in Middle East countries. Since war against terrorism has been taken seriously but acts of terrorism continue to increase, it is the most crucial moment to re-think the strategies and re-structure approach strategies towards ending terrorism. Having watched Richard’s lecture, it would be a logical move to develop non-violent ways of dealing with terrorism. This is because terrorism is a result of retaliation prompted by stolen resources. Currently, people have a bad view regarding terrorism and Muslims are discriminated as being terrorists without knowing that their countries have been invaded and their natural resources are being used to help overseas countries while the Iraqi population continues to struggle i n poverty. This standpoint can change if Americans respected other countries’ resources. The pre-conceived idea that the only way to end terrorism is to convert all Muslims to Christianity would change and the correct approaches be undertaken. Therefore, the lecture is useful in thinking about terrorism and ways of countering it. This is because people tend to protect their resources because resources determine their individual futures and the future of their country’s economic performance. With respect to empathy being relevan.

Finance and Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance and Accounting - Essay Example The author’s claim makes it seem as if globalization was the only reason that so many people came of poverty during this timeline. I think that the author’s argument lacks an in-depth analysis of other factors that also contributed to the economic progress in these countries. For instance in China the governments’ policy to open up the economy into the free market was equally or more influential than the globalization movement at reducing poverty. Another factor that helped the people of China get out of poverty was industrialization (Xinhua, 2007). The globalization movement has helped China and India become major players in the global trade of goods and services. In 2009 China overtook Germany to become the world’s top exporter (Nytimes, 2010). I agree with the author that the use of free trade initiatives were instrumental in spurring economic activity. An argument that I thought was offensive to the reality of a country that is struggling to help its p eople out of extreme poverty was the author’s claim that the government and people of the Sub-Saharan Africa are resisting the globalization movement. If this hypothesis was true I would have liked to have seen some evidence to proof the author’s claim. Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the poorest regions in the world. The poverty rate of the region is expected to reach 38% by the year 2015 (Undp, 2012). The virtues of globalization would greatly help the people of Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa has deep issues that are limiting economic growth such as a lack of infrastructure in terms of roads, electricity, and water scarcity. The author in the article should have pointed out some of the constraints that are limiting Africa from reaping benefits from globalization instead of making the biased claim that Sub-Saharan Africa is against globalization. I thought that the author made a good argument in regards to the impact of trade barriers. Trade barriers are government imposed r estrictions on free exchange of goods and services internationally (Businessdictionary, 2012). A statement that I liked from the article was the opinion that the barriers imposed by poor countries against one another are more detrimental than those imposed by rich countries on developing nations. Developing nations have to learn that they have to work together to improve the standard of living of its people. The use of trade barriers are a constraint that lowers the total trade in the market because they make goods more expensive to acquire (Younkins, 2000). I completely agree with the author’s claim that the elimination of trade barriers benefits everyone. The elimination of trade barriers can also help the economy because it spurs job creation (Wto, 2012). An argument made by the author that has a lot of validity is the fact that the elimination of regulations would help investors and corporations act more freely and as a consequence prosperity would rise for everyone. Gove rnmental intervention is an undesirable action in a free market economy. Governments seem to believe that the best course of action during a crisis is to increase governmental intervention (Schuman, 2008). One of the cons of business regulations is that

Christianity in Japan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Christianity in Japan - Term Paper Example Missionaries who enter the nation appear to be unaware of this reality, so many of them may continue to use similar strategies applied in non-Japanese cultures. Their failure to take into account the perspectives and inclinations of the people of Japan may explain why so few Christians exist in the country and why the church has grown by only minuscule levels in this part of the world. In the early seventeenth century, Japan underwent a unification process in which they created a politically stable system for over 200 years. This need for stabilization came after prolonged periods of civil strife starting from the 12th to the 16th century under the leadership of the shogun, which was a military governor. The shogun was a representative of the Japanese emperor and had much political power; in fact, many argue that the emperor was a mere symbol as the real ruler was the shogun. The shogun also had retainers who got property and political control for offering military services, but this arrangement would prove to be ineffective as the two parties often conflicted amongst themselves. By the 16th century, it became clear that the system was unsustainable as it led people to enter into war amongst themselves (Reader 39). This civil war led political leaders to seek unification among various states through the efforts of military representatives; the process would lead to a series of social and cultural processes as well. The remaining chieftain in 1600 to 1616 was known as Tokugawa bakufu - a temporary military government – that had shoguns. These shoguns wanted to prevent civil war using the daimyo who were strong property owners found throughout the country. Daimyo also had their own schools, judiciary and military representatives within their territories; several of them worked on expanding their economies by foreign relationships with foreigners. They acquired the skill of weapons manufacture from European travelers and purchased firearms as well

Employer-sponsored Retirement Plans Research Paper

Employer-sponsored Retirement Plans - Research Paper Example The compensation issues will have been put to rest. As a human right policy, it means that every individual’s contribution to the national development is highly valued and that this valued contribution will be equitably compensated. Moreover, for workers in the same job family, there should never be a huge disparity in pay and compensation structure especially if workers are employed under the same skill qualification (Human Resources and Skills Development Canada). In the second question, analysis established that there is a violation of Equity Pay Act on policy-capturing. This is so because studies on the over three hundred job families, there was a disparity on the point-factor in the study found out that there exists disparity in jobs with similar job content features. Such features include the level and span of supervision, education level, analytic reasoning and experience. These features clusters job families into similar compensable factors that will be used in determining point-factor pay by use of relevant weight factors. Irrespective of this methodology, it was found that there is a disparity in pay and compensation in female and race-dominated classes. This creates biases that violate the Pay Equity Act as there is no structure that sets the maintenance of such envisioned internal equity. Even after employment there is no quantitative evaluation system of the job tied to a unified wage structure that will guard against subjective in equity from occurring. These include promotion and wage increment as gender and race-based prejudices sets in and prevent upward mobility of women and workers from other minority races (Chen, 98). Specifically, the law, Equity Pay Act 1963 prohibits any gender-based discrimination in a work establishment. This is so for men and women who are working on essentially similar skill and experience. Congress, in its wisdom, contemplated equity if the

Achieving Sustainable Development in Construction Essay - 1

Achieving Sustainable Development in Construction - Essay Example In UK planning system, the notion of sustainable development is thoroughly expressed from national level, through the regional level, and finally touching the Local Development Framework. Nevertheless, how far a principle of sustainable development is adhered to in local planning could be different from one area to the other. The concept of sustainable development can be traced from various meetings held during the 1970s and 1980s. The 1972 UN Stockholm Conference on the human environment was one such initiative taken for the first time on global scale over the negative impacts of human functions causing harm to the environment. The concept of environmental security was advanced through the 1980 World Conservation Strategy planned by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature in collaboration with the UN Environment Program and the World Wildlife Fund, for the welfare of mankind. Later, in 1987, the UN-sponsored Bruntland Commission issued a report, Our Common Future that attracted the attention on global poverty and degrading environment, which culminated in grabbing global attention through the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development, in Rio de Janeiro. It paved the way on reaching global agreements over sustainable principles and action agenda over it (The Sustainability Report par. 3-7). The Brundtland Report 1987 The Brundtland Report (WCED 1987: 5)) has stressed on specific aspects of the definition of sustainable development, which is for â€Å"ensuring a better quality of life† to be attained through improved economic and environmental conditions. Sustainable development should be beneficial â€Å"for everyone†, assuring socially sustainable development. Stress is on sustainable development â€Å"for future generations†, which means all the three aspects, social, economic and environmental should be sustainable for attaining equal development of the present generation along with posterity (Lafferty 5). The Brun tland Report strives for â€Å"Common Action† on environmental policy by adhering to two methods, first, by following the ‘standard agenda’ on environmental policy, law, and institutions that create positive environmental impacts. Secondly, it advocates adhering to such policies that help in creating that positive impact. These two approaches indicate a unique way of addressing the problems and at organizations on resolving them (Lafferty 5). It is critical for the sustainability motive under the policy that its ecological aspects are discussed at the same time when other aspects such as the economic, business, energy, agricultural, industrial, and other aspects on the ditto agendas and in the same national and global level institutions are analyzed. The Bruntland Report admits it to be the leading challenge of the 1990s to include the objectives of sustainable development in the terms of reference of the government-formed committees to formulate concerned states ’ policies and planning besides managing with leading sectoral and global policies. Not only this, the concerned states are expected to take full responsibility of implementing such policies, programs, and budgets to support development that is ecologically and economically sustainable (Lafferty 5). United Nations Conference on Environment & Development, Rio de Janeiro 1992 It was an unusual UN conference on environment and development held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, known as the Earth Summit. It was extraordinary because of its huge attendance and range of the issues discussed. After a lapse of twenty year in organizing another global scale conference on env

Quality Improvement in the Concrete Blocks' Production Thesis

Quality Improvement in the Concrete Blocks' Production - Thesis Example Corrective Action and Preventive Action 22 2.5. Implementing ISO9001:2008 22 2.5.1. The Quality Statement 22 2.5.2. Document Control 25 2.5.3. Quality Processes 27 2.5.4. Quality Assessment or Baseline 28 2.5.5. Internal Audit 29 2.5.5.1. Root Cause Analysis 30 2.5.5.2. Corrective and Preventive Measures 31 2.5.5.3. Internal Audit 32 2.5.6. External Audit 34 2.5.7. Goal Setting 35 3. Methodology 36 4. Bibliography 54 Quality Improvement in the Concrete Blocks’ Production 1. Introduction ISO 9001:2008 is a set of criteria that can be applied to all organizations regardless of type, size and product or service provided e[Hoy-09). No matter the industry a properly implemented ISO 9001:2008 forces the organization to exceed itself by letting each department involved in production of its product to do a better job after each internal audit [Phil-09]. The primary question that will be answered in this paper shall be whether or not the implementation of the ISO 9001:2008 in the proc esses involved in the manufacture of concrete blocks will improve the quality of each block manufactured by the organization. The secondary question that will be answered by this dissertation shall be: what are the steps involved in the implementation of the ISO 9001:2008? The third question that needs to be answered will be: what are the organizational processes that will be affected by the implementation of the ISO 9001:2008? Another quern that will be posited shall be: how can the quality be improved or maintained when the ISO 9001:2008 is fully operational or implemented already. Using the collective experiences of authors and industry practitioners of ISO 9001:2008 an implementation framework will be developed for an organization that manufactures concrete block to ensure if not guarantee its quality (Cia - 1t). The primary impetus for the organization in ensuring the quality of the concrete blocks they manufacture is to ensure the safety of the people that will be using th em (Cia -101). Concrete blocks are used as walls or support structure of buildings. An improperly produced concrete block could result to injury and even death (Kal). Not only it is imperative to ensure the safety of the concrete blocks but also another immediate concern would be to ensure that the whole production process is efficient and can offer a maximum yield.  The Plan Do Check Act is in the heart of the Toyota way of doing things (Sobek II and Smalley). Toyota has been studied and have been written about several times that it is negligent not to include the lessoned that we can learn in the way they used the Plan Do Check Act concept in their management style. Toyota being the most successful implementation of the concept has not stopped in developing new ways of improving itself. In the true essence of its adherence of continual improvement in the Plan Do Check Act framework the â€Å"Toyota Way† was developed (Lik - 04). The ISO 9001:2008 and its predecessor Qualit y Management Systems have strictly used the same concept in the operation and implementation of the ISO framework. All the authors through their work have been one in saying that the first step towards achieving success in the implementation of a Quality Management System is the organization’s determination and dedication in settling the current state of its manufacturing processes. To determine the current state of the manufacturing process to produce quality products the following has to be established first. What constitute quality in the creation of quality

Experiences of Morrison concerts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Experiences of Morrison concerts - Assignment Example The piano trio, which consisted of a piano, a cello and a violin, was excellent, as was the string quartet with the special guest Mack McCray on the piano. The overall feeling of both of these musical ensembles was that there was a certain lightness to the playing, at least in spots. I really enjoy the cello, especially, as it tends to have such rich tones, and it complemented the piano on the Calyx piano trio very well. As did the violin. What struck me was that, between both concerts, the music was very similar. There were periods where the music sounded like folk music, like Hungarian folk music, and then there were spots were I could detect a slight Celtic bent to the music. Then, there were periods of the concert when the music sounded more like modern music, with a hint of Igor Stravinsky in some of the chords. That is, there were periods where the music became allegro and the musicians played them with great passion and verve. Mack McCray was an amazing pianist. He played with a great flow and passion, and there was not a note that was out of place. Sometimes it seemed that the concert belonged to him, more than the string quartet, but there were other spots where the quartet dominated and the piano receded into the background. I also enjoyed listening to the different influences that were heard throughout the perfomances. For instance, in the Schumann's Piano Quintet in E Flat Major, which was one of the pieces that was played in the St. Petersburg String Quartet, there were evidently influences that were classical and romantic in origin. The piece went from a lugubrious opening with the cello dominating, then went more into the lighter parts of the piece where the piano was blended in harmoniously with the strings of the other instruments. There were periods that sounded like a waltz, but this was only in spots. The piano in the middle of the piece had an air to it that sounded very polished, and I recognized that the piece had a quality to it that spo ke to me. I was also very interested in the Benjamin Britten piece, as I had studied his music extensively, and I knew of his operas. This piece started out with an almost discordant tone to the strings, and it was definitely the product of a modern composer. That is, the staccato string that can be heard throughout the first part of this piece, combined with the discordant tones are those which are not typically heard in the classical or romantic or baroque styles. This piece actually was the piece that liked the least, because I am not a fan of the discordant style and there was something about it that hearkened to movies with American Indians. And this is what the piece sounded like – music that should be played in American Indian movies. It was a little difficult to listen to, but I do know that this is a style that many people enjoy. The second movement of this piece, however, was much better, and struck a much more harmonious tone. What was striking, though, about the B ritten piece is that it sounded almost spare compared to some of the other pieces which were played. There were very little flourishes that one is used to hearing from a string quartet with a piano. The Franck piece, which as Piano Quintet

Beauty Pageants and Our Children Essay Example for Free

Beauty Pageants and Our Children Essay Alost 3 million children, most of them girls, from the ages of 6 months and 17 years compete in beauty pageants annually in America. Competition can be local and national and they compete in categories such as swimwear, talent, costume of your choice, and eveningwear. This is an industry where mothers give her daughter energy drinks for a boost before pageants, 3-year-olds don fake fingernails, and parents regularly spend five thousand dollars on a childs pageant outfit (O’Neill 1). Beauty pageants have negative consequences on America’s youth contestants through the pressure to be â€Å"perfect,† media influences, and child sexualization, which results in exhaustion, eating disorders, and body image issues in their future. In recent years, the child beauty pageant industry has exponentially grown in size and popularity. This growth is mainly due to television shows, such as Toddlers Tiaras and Here Comes Honey Boo Boo that may be entertaining but exploit little girls in the process. These reality shows expose the behind-the-scenes horrors of beauty pageants that most people were oblivious too before. These shows have also revealed the use of energy supplements to improve the contestants performance, age-inappropriate costumes, intense and painful beauty regimens. Alana Thompson, featured on TLC’s Toddlers Tiaras, is a seven-year-old beauty queen, nicknamed Honey Boo Boo, whose mother frequently gives her the infamous â€Å"Go-Go Juice†, a mix of Red Bull and Mountain Dew, before pageants. It is common knowledge that energy drinks are bad for one’s health, but every nutritionist in the world would agree that Red Bull for a seven-year-old is tremendously dangerous. Alana now has her own reality television show Here Comes Honey Boo Boo. Parents are not only harming their children’s health but also their moral. On one Toddlers Tiaras episode, Paisley, merely 3-years-old, sported a costume based on the prostitute in Pretty Woman. In a 2011 episode, Madiysyn Mady Verst‘s mother filled out the then-4-year-olds chest with fake breasts and an impossibly round behind for a Dolly Parton routine. Experts in child development argue the difference between playing dress-up and making a profession out of it. Little girls are supposed to play with dolls, not be dolls, says Mark Sichel, a New York-based licensed clinical social worker, who calls the extreme grooming common at pageants a form of child abuse. Playing dress-up is normal and healthy, but when its demanded, it leaves the child not knowing what they want, he says. Accentuating their appearance with such accoutrements as fake hair, teeth, spray tans and breast padding causes the children tremendous confusion, wondering why they are not okay without those th ings (Triggs 1). All of this confusion and body image problems is instilled in child beauty pageant contestants at a very young age. Ultimately, this leads to eating disorders, psychological issues, and relationship problems in the contestants’ later years. A study conducted at the University of Minnesota by Anna Wonderlich, Diann Ackard, and Judith Henderson showed the correlation between childhood beauty pageants and adult disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, depression, and self-esteem (Wonderlich 1). The results of this scientific experiment proved that for all the tests that assessed characteristics of anorexia and bulimia nervosa scores for those who had participated in beauty pageants were higher than scores for those who had not participated (Wonderlich 5). These results indicate a significant association between childhood beauty pageant participation and increased body dissatisfaction, difficulty trusting interpersonal relationships, and greater impulsive behaviors, and indicate a trend toward increased feelings of ineffectiveness (Wonderlich 6). Another example of the destructive effects of childhood beauty pageant is Brooke Breedwell, now nineteen, who was a child pageant contestant and a star of the television documentary, â€Å"Painted Babies.† â€Å"As a girl, [Breedwell] suffered from stress and anxiety while striving for an unrealistic standard of perfection. [In various interviews], she explains that her mothers ambition, coupled with her own obsessive drive to win, resulted in severe social and psychological consequences† (Ahrens 86). Another negative consequence of childhood beauty pageants is the disturbing sexualization of young girls that steals away their treasured innocence–as if eating disorders and body image problems were not enough. Former child beauty queen Nicole Hunter confirms this theory by explaining that â€Å"dressing and acting like a woman at a young age compelled her to prematurely confront her sexuality, which in turn lowered her self-esteem† (Liberman 741). The child pageant circuit concentrates on the ideals of perfection and beauty, with an accompanying focus on sexuality. Innocent girls dressed in skimpy costumes parade and dance, remove pieces of their outfits and wink at judges. Basically, young beauty queens are taught to flirt and manipulate their early sexuality in order to win. Though frequently condemned for such eccentric and damaging practices, the child pageant industry has been gaining success and extensive popularity (Liberman 745). Additionally, reporter Richard Goldstein investigated the JonBenet Ramsey, a child beauty queen, murder case and brought to the surface both our horror at how effectively a child can be constructed as a sexual being and our guilt at the please we take in such a sight (Giroux 50). Her dynamic role in pageants was vastly examined by media after the murder. After JonBenet’s highly publicized murder, the problems of child beauty pageants, especially the degradation of young girls, are first brought to society’s attention. Although many pageant parents argue that the press unfairly focused on the connection of beauty pageants to Jon Benet’s murder, these defenders rarely address the concerns of robbing a child of her virtue by depicting young girls as â€Å"sexualized nymphets.† They have little to say about what adolescents actually gain in pageants. Those in favor of the pageants overlook how a child might see herself and her ability to form relationships with society when her feelings of self-worth is defined solely through a belief that beauty is one-dimensional and patronizing (Giroux 54-55). No five-year-old child enjoys getting her hair ripped out and teased, spending hours each day practicing exhausting dance routines, or devoting every weekend traveling to pageants rather than playing with friends. It is the beauty pageant contestant’s mother who forces them to endure these strenuous and sometimes painful rituals in order to achieve their own satisfaction. When feminist writer-performer, StaceyAnn Chin first saw Toddlers Tiaras she was â€Å"flabbergasted by the parents who were so invested in these contests they got angry if their girls showed any signs of flagging.† In regards to the infamous pageant moms, Chin states that, † the pageant reminded me a little of dog showstiny, powerless competitors trained to do as they are told, with trainers who exploit their charges to gain fame and fortune and live out some archaic dream they once had for themselves† (Chin 1). The vast majority of pageant moms deny the harmful effects beauty pageants have own their child. Pageant mothers often â€Å"neutralize† their deviant behavior of enrolling their daughter in pageants by claiming pageants help their daughter rather than hurt. Also, mothers deny their own responsibility as the accountable parent by claiming that her daughter chooses to participate in beauty pageants (Pannell 68). Every single pageant mom asked in a study about childhood beauty pageants talked about competitors winning prize money, crowns, trophies and gifts in child beauty pageants (Mosel-Talavera 81). Some mothers deceptively sign their children up for pageants to exploit their daughters financially. One pageant mother says that there is a very infamous pageant child that always wins a large sum of money, ‘There is one little girl down South – she’s the daughter of one of the biggest known photographers. In six weeks’ time she went from pageant to pageant and won like $40,000.’ In the summer of 2005, there was another child, whose mother also owns a pageant business, who won three cars at pageants (Levey 204-205). These examples clearly reveal the evils of parents exploiting their children in pageants for their own selfish rewards. In childhood beauty pageants, the pressure from parents, influence from the media, and the desire to win all lead to disastrous consequences for the participants, which will stay with them for the rest of their life. Eating disorders, body image issues, and an early loss of innocence are just a few of the consequences these precious girls will have to deal with in their lifetime. No child should have to struggle with these problems at such a young age. Although little girls dressed up in frilly dresses and tiaras may be cute, there is a fine line between a fun beauty pageant and ruining a young girls life.

How Does John Steinbeck Present the Character of Crooks Essay Example for Free

How Does John Steinbeck Present the Character of Crooks Essay Crooks (named for his crooked back) is the stable buck who works with the ranch horses. He lives in the harness room by himself because of the segregation law set by Jim Crow; he is also the only black man on the ranch. Crooks likes to read books this shows he is cleverer than the other men on the ranch and likes to keep his room neat, but he has been so beaten down by loneliness and prejudicial treatment of that he is also starting to treat people with hatred. His Physical disability is one of the many ways that he suffers on the ranch. John Steinbeck tries to make the novel realistic by showing how black people were treated and isolated in 1930s America. Crooks may not be the main character in the novel, he is important because he fitted in the society at the time of the novel in 1930s America. Steinbeck uses Crooks to show how life was for black people in 1930s America. The Character is firstly introduced when candy was showing George and Lennie around and when he was talking about how angry the boss was when George and Lennie were late to work. Candy tells them that the boss takes his anger on crooks,† Ya see the stable bucks a nigger†, â€Å"the boss gives him hell when he is mad†. White People in 1930s America had no discomfort in using derogatory language, this was normal for people it was the local language in 1930s. Candy says â€Å"nice fella too† and â€Å"he reads a lot† Proving he is intelligen t and nice guy. People show hatred towards him because of the colour of his skin. He and many coloured people were separated from the whites in 1930, because of the Jim Crow laws. George asks Candy ‘‘what kind of man is the boss’’ he quickly brings up that the boss had brought whisky for them at Christmas, he also explains what happened when they let crooks in, Crooks got into a fight one Christmas with a white man. Steinbeck presents the character of Crooks in a detailed description; John Steinbeck tells us that Crooks’ room is in the harness where all the horses sleep, this shows that he is segregated from all the other men on the ranch.

Construction of the road

Construction of the road 1. Introduction Roads are constructed to bring benefits to the people. Investment in roads is huge for which funding most time is limited. Therefore the decision to invest and protect the investment in form of maintenance is important so as to bring optimal benefits and value for money. In order to maximise the benefits in the choice of investment, road investment appraisal may well be part of the planning process. The purpose of economic appraisal is to determine the investment cost and economic returns expected from such investment. Investment cost consists of construction and annual maintenance costs and are normally shouldered by the road agency. While economic returnsis in form of savings to the road users resulting from new road facility. These costs are referred to as total (road) transport cost or whole life cycle cost (HDM-4 documentation). It is therefore necessary to determine the works that will minimise the total transport cost over the extended analysis period, say expected life of the road. This report presents the economic analysis of a project to upgrade an existing gravel road to a bituminous pavement. The aim is to assess the economic benefit resulting from the proposed investment. This is to be carried out using Highway Development and Management (HDM-4), a road investment appraisal tool. HDM-4 is known to have the capability which assist with the selection of appropriate road design and maintenance standards that minimises the total transport cost. The support system will also indicate the economic viability of the proposed upgrading. The run will include sensitivity analysis, which involves repeated economic evaluation changing one parameter at a time, to identify the parameter(s) which affect the viability of the road project. 2. Literature review: 2.1 Economic appraisal of a road project. Economic appraisal is very important in planning a road project. It enables the road agency knows the investment cost as well as the economic returns of various alternatives, thereby assisting them in the selection of that which gives the highest returns. Total transport cost, also referred to as whole life cycle cost, includes construction and annual maintenance costs as well as road user costs (RUC). The RUC, in most cases, is the benefit due to the provision of a better road facility i.e VOC, travel time, comfort, reduction in accident. HDM-4 is a decision support tool for the analysis of road management, evaluation of investment alternatives and strategic planning among others. It has four models that are used to predict the effects of road construction and operation. Road deterioration model considers pavement structure, traffic loading and climate condition to analyse and predict the progression of structural and surface condition variables. Works effects model uses these variables and application of maintenance and construction measures to predict the physical quantities of resources required. These are used to multiply the unit costs specified to obtain the construction and maintenance cost for the analysis period. Road user effect model uses vehicle characteristics, geometric data and the forecast condition variables (e.g. IRI) to calculate the expected travel speeds of the different vehicle types, which in turn affect the vehicle and owners costs. The social and environmental effect model can forecast vehicle emissions and energy consumption. 2.2 Method of economic appraisal of a road project. This is usually done in HDM-4 for at least for two mutually alternatives road construction, rehabilitation or upgrade, one of which is referred to Do nothing or base alternative. While others are do something or project alternatives. The Do nothing or base alternative is where minimum investment is carried out in form of continuation of current maintenance strategy. This alternative has no construction component but has high maintenance cost and RUC. On the other hand, the do something or alternative project is when the road standard is improved, the choice of which depend on many factors such as the road agencys standard, traffic level, political and social consideration etc. This would normally have construction cost with both low maintenance cost and RUC. 3. Methodology. Create Project Define road network Section 2 Section 1 Define road sections Improvement Standard Mtce Standard (After) Mtce Standard (Before) Mtce Standard (Gravel) Define Work standards With Project Without Project Define Project alternatives Run analysis with sensitivity Generate Outputs The above flow describes the procedure for the economic analysis of the project using HMD-4. 4. Procedure for project analysis. 4.1 Project description: This Project is a 49.9 km gravel road classed secondary road and it is situated in sub-tropical/humid climate. It passes through varying topography. The road is divided into two sections based on geometric, pavement condition and traffic volume. The traffic and condition data obtained in 2008 are represented in table 4.1. The road is proposed to be upgraded to bituminous pavement. Both the degree of conflict between motorised and non-motorised transport and the effect of the road side activities on traffic flow were insignificant. 4.2 Data Input: Using the flow chart in paragraph 3 above all the necessary data require for the project analysis is stored in the system in the appropriate folders. These include detailed traffic composition and growth rate which are provided in the Vehicle fleet folder. A uniform growth rate of 4% was used for all vehicle classes on this project. The sections of the roads are defined under the road network folder. Each of the sections is considered homogenous in terms of geometric, pavement condition, traffic volume and composition. Therefore the physical details of the sections (length, width, and surface class), traffic direction and pattern, pavement type and condition, horizontal and vertical alignment information are among data set in the road network definition. However, only motorised traffic is considered in this analysis. 4.3 Defining the works standards: This is where both the maintenance and improvement standards are defined. The details are on Table 4.3. The maintenance standards are in the works standard/maintenance standards folder while the improvement standards are specified in the works standard/improvement standards folders. The maintenance standard has great effect on rate of deterioration of a road. Road will continue to perform to standard throughout its design life only when adequate and timely maintenance is carried out. Defining maintenance standard in the system imposes a limit to which deterioration could reach before a trigger. Furthermore the long term performance of a road is also affected by the improvement standard 4.3.1 Maintenance standard: There are three maintenance standards under the study. These are Gravel road maintenance, Maintenance before upgrading and routine maintenance after upgrade (crack sealing and patching paved road). These are effective at different time for the two sections of the road as detailed in Table 4.4. Scheduled for specified years. Duration is one year. Both economic and financial costs for each of the work items were stored in the system. 4.3.2 Improvement standard: The improvement standard is to upgrade the gravel road to bituminous pavement. However the year of implementation for each of sections 1 and 2 are 2011 and 2012 respectively. These are indicated at the intervention tab while keying the information for each of the section. Furthermore the financial cost for sections 1 and 2 are US$120,000 and US$150,050. The economic costs were estimated as 85% of the financial costs. These were stored in the cost tab. 4.4 Defining the project alternatives. There are two project alternatives Without project (maintaining the gravel road) and With project (upgrade gravel road). Each of the alternatives has works standards specified for each of the two sections. The analysis type (by project), start year (2009) as well as analysis period (20 years) were specified. The currency output of US$ was also selected. 4.4.1 Analysis method: There are two methods of analysing road investment in HDM-4 Analysis by section and analysis by project. The formal (analysis by section) is when the sections in the road are considered separately and analyse against a base section. While the latter (analysis by project) is when the entire sections in an alternative are considered against a base alternative. For this case study the analysis is by project. In this instance, the annual cost and benefit are added for the sections in the With project to give the year total. The economic indicators so obtained are then used to compare the base alternative. 4.4.2 Without project alternative: This is the base alternative representing a continuation of current maintenance practice. The two sections were defined and assigned a maintenance standard Gravel road maintenance earlier defined under the works standard/maintenance standards folder. 4.4.3 With project alternative: This is the alternative where the road is to be upgraded to bituminous pavement. The two sections were defined with both maintenance and improvement standards. Both sections are to be upgraded in 2011 and 2012 respectively. However, they are to be maintained before upgrade according to maintenance before upgrading standard as defined. Furthermore, the period of maintenance after upgrade is also specified. 4.4.4 Sensitivity analysis: It is a technique used to find out the effect on the whole project of changes in value of each variable which is considered potentially serious risk to the project. In this case study, three variables Traffic growth rates, Construction cost and Initial AADT were considered as sensitive to the project. Therefore each of them was changed at a time by  ±20% from 20% to 80% to verify their impact on economic indicators. 5. Analysis concept, summary result and discussion. 5.1 Project analysis concept The concept of the project analysis, using HMD-4, is assessing the physical, functional and economic feasibility of the With project alternative and compares it with Without project considered as base case. The system uses Life cycle costing for the analysis period of 20 years. In achieving this cost, the system models and predict the road deterioration, estimates the road user cost, model the road works effects and the cost of these to the road agency as well as calculate the economic and financial benefits from the comparison of the alternatives. 5.2 Road Deterioration and road works effect modelling For each year of the analysis period, HDM-4 models the road condition and assigns road works effect using predefined works strategies. Road deterioration prediction is based on the data provided on such variables as the original design, material type, construction quality, traffic volume, axle load characteristics, road geometry, environmental conditions, age of pavement and maintenance standard. HDM-4 does predict change in condition, i.e. distresses, from the initial set conditions as a function of the above named variables. 5.2.1 Average roughness (IRIav) of project: The deterioration of gravel road is characterised by roughness and material loss. Therefore grading every six months was specified as one of the work items for its maintenance to keep the roughness within tolerable limit. Spot regravelling work item was to repair areas of severe depression, while gravel resurfacing is performed to augment gravel surfacing due to loss of material. These work items followed intervention criteria specified by the users. This is the logic HDM-4 uses to predict the gravel road deterioration and it is presented in graph 5.2. This graph correlates Appendix I which shows the pavement condition summary. The pavement condition of Without project is a reflection of the interventions of the work items under continuous maintenance of the gravel road. Grading and Spot regravelling were effective every six month with no significant improvement to IRI values. However, gravel resurfacing was done in 2013, 2016, 2019, 2023 a nd 2025. There is a drop in IRI value each time the work item was carried out. In general the IRI was consistently high at between 7-13m/km throughout the analysis period for Without project alternative. HDM-4 also predicts the deterioration of the road after improvement. This is done through surface distresses (cracking and potholing) and deformation distress (roughness). Out of the three work items for the maintenance of the paved (bituminous) road only resealing work item was triggered throughout the analysis period. This is a reflection of the intervention criteria specified. Under the With project alternative there is a drop in IRI values in 2011 and 2012 following the upgrading of sections 1 and 2 at these years respectively. For instance, for section 1 the IRI value was 11.26m/km in 2010 but drastically reduced to 3.01m/km after upgrade in 2011. This is similar to the effect of upgrading section 2 in 2012. However, it is noticed that IRI continued to increase steadily subsequently but at low rate. In 2018, 2019, 2025 and 2026 there was resealing which changed the rate of increase in IRI (between 2018 and 2019) and actually reduced the value (between 2025 and 2026). Surface dre ssing does not necessarily improve the smoothness of road surface hence its effect on IRI is not significant. 5.2.2 Road works summary: This summary, as contained in Appendix 2, confirmed graph 5.1 and reflects the pavement condition summary in appendix 1. It shows the works items as they were triggered with associate quantities and costs (economic and financial). For the With project the maintenance standard before upgrade is reflected in the two sections before the upgrade. Furthermore resealing was also carried out in 2018 and 2025 for section 1, while that for section 2 was in 2019 and 2026. On the other hand in the Without project the average roughness for the project is shown in graph 4.1. This graph correlates Appendix 1 which shows the pavement condition summary. Road User Cost (RUC): From the economic indicator shown in Table 4.3 there is a decrease of US$3.828 million in Road User Cost (RUC) compared to US$3.105 million increase in Road Agency Cost (RAC) for the proposed upgrade. This is an indication of the viability for the upgrade. Cost Streams and Economic Evaluation Table 4.3 reflects the economic indicator showing a positive Net Present Value (NPV) of US$0.723 million, indicative of the project viability. The Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) is US$12.6 million. The economic indicator summary with sensitivity included in the analysis is provided in Appendix 3 Sensitivity Analysis As discussed in paragraph 5.2.2 above Tables 5.4a, 5.4b and 5.4c show the effects in economic indicators (NPV and EIRR) of changing the percentages of Initial AADT, Construction cost and Traffic growth rates considered as sensitive to the project. Increasing both initial AADT and Growth rate indicates positive values of NPV and EIRR, while reduction in their values gives negative economic indicators. On the other hand, increase construction cost gives negative NPV and its reduction gives positive NPV. NPV sensitivity diagram in figure 5.3 below indicates that the three variables have various degrees of sensitivity on the project, with AADT being most sensitive. An increase in construction cost as well as drop in AADT will affect the chances of achieving the positive NPV values. Therefore the accuracy of their estimation and forecast is important. Switching Values: A reduction in percentage of AADT and Growth rate beyond 11.5% and 25.6% respectively changes the NPV values from positive to negative. Whereas increase in construction cost beyond 19.5% also changes NPV from positive to negative. 6. Conclusion: The economic analysis, using HDM-4, indicates that upgrading the gravel road to bituminous pavement is viable because of the positive NPV value obtained for the analysis period. In implementing the project the gain in RUC outweighs the increase in the RAC when this is compared with do minimum alternative. However, this result can only be achieved if the works are carried out according to the programme. The Initial AADT, Construction cost and vehicle growth rate have various levels of sensitivity on the NPV. However, AADT is the most sensitive. An increase in construction cost as well as drop in AADT is likely to affect the chances of achieving a positive NPV values. There is also an indication that more benefit could be derived from the project when AADT value grows even as high as by 80% of the initial value. Therefore the accuracy of the construction cost, AADT and its projection are important to getting the benefit from the proposed project

Essay --

Honor is very prominent throughout Shakespeare, but not everyone is trustworthy and honorable. There are some that keep their word and there are others that can’t be trusted at all. Prince Harry is a prime example of a honorable young prince because he has to make difficult personal choices that an aspiring king needs to make in order to rule a nation. Then there is Falstaff and King Henry IV who weren’t as honorable. They are all on different notions of honor with Prince Harry being at the top of the three. Falstaff has no chance at being the most honorable because he is lazy, selfish, dishonest, and manipulative. These characteristics are not in any way shape or form honorable and he wouldn’t be trustworthy enough to be noble and honorable. Falstaff thinks that he is honorable but he is nowhere near honorable. Then King Henry IV lacks the moral legitimacy that he needs to truly be a leader and honorable. He is very capable of arranging things and he is very energetic so that makes him able to obtain the throne and be qualified as â€Å"honorable.† Prince Harry is an honorable man but he has to win back his honor from King Henry IV. Harry shows his honor through his â€Å"noble behavior† by sneakly giving up his own honor to fool the people of the town to achieve their trust and Campbell 2 friendship, so when he does take the throne the people will like him better. He is a very complicated character in this play and he wastes a lot of his time with Falstaff earning the pleasure of both his father and England. He comes out of no where and surprises England by declaring that his dissolute lifestyle is all an act, and that he is just trying to lower the people around him expectations so that he can unfold his true heroic knowledge and t... ...the whole play. The characters all have their own different values and goals and this is why Falstaff can be lazy and dishonest, but he can still be considered honorable in his own way. This also goes along with King Henry IV and also his son Prince Harry. King Henry arranges a murder for Richard II just so that he can seize the throne for himself, yet he still is considered honorable and people view him as a great leader and look up to him. Then there is Prince Harry, he has to earn back his honor from the King and through out the whole play he shows how he is transforming himself form a low-life bum, that he pretends to be to become a honorable and noble leader. Each character shows their honor in different ways in the paly. Shakespeare does this purposely to get the reader to further engage with the characters in his story and understand them all a little better.

What Women Imply In Silence Essay -- Identity Style Expression

While walking through a random office the individual would see a multitude of women suggesting many things through their appearance, while all the men in the office will have the same style of slacks, dress shirt, and shined shoes. There may be slight variations in the men’s looks, but none of those variations compares to the variations evident in women. Deborah Tannen uses her essay â€Å"There is no Unmarked Woman†, published in 1994 within the book Talking From 9 to 5, to bring forth the idea that in the professional, working world all men are unmarked basic molds of each other while women mark themselves through the use of particle in linguistics, way they look, fill out a form, and change their surname after marriage. Tannen starts her essay by analyzing the people in her small business conference: Four women and eight men. She notices how each women presents something different through her clothes, makeup, hairstyle, and shoes. While the women separated themselves through their looks the males were the unmarked of the group with no special separate styles. Tannen uses her knowledge of linguistics to try to explain this fact. She uses the linguistics term marked. Marked refers to the particle that has no meaning of its own such as es and s (Tannen, 141). These particles only make sense when attached to the root word like wishes and misses. The root word or unmarked words are connected to the â€Å"male†; while the marked particles such as ess represent the female for example the word actress. Sadly the female endings also bring forth an idea of silliness. Tannen also brings forth the point that women cannot even fill out forms without giving forth information about themselves. When men are asked to fill out forms they chose the... ...rk Times, n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2010. abortion.htm>. Longley, Robert. "U.S. Birth Rate Hits All-Time Low." About.com. The New York Times Co., 2010. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. censusstatistic/a/aabirthrate.htm>. Monahan, Michael. "Complications You Can Have with Your Abortion." Abortion Facts.com. Heritage House '76, 15 Nov. 2006. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. . Peterson, Linda H. The Norton Reader: An Anthology of Nonfiction. New York: Norton & Company, 2000. Print. Torres, Adia Forest, Jacqueline Darroch. "Why Do Women Have Abortions?" Guttmacher Insitute 20.4 (1988): 169-176. JSTOR. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. 2135792.pdf?acceptTC=true>.

Essay --

Brick Dimensions The size of a standard brick is: 76 mm high x 230 mm long x 110 mm wide. Some bricks are made with different sizes. 50 mm and 90 mm high bricks, 90 mm wide bricks & 290 mm long bricks are manufactured for different structural and aesthetic effect. Larger bricks are often used for more economical laying and as design feature either on their own or combined with smaller bricks. In India, the size of brick is 228 Ãâ€" 107 Ãâ€" 69 mm. Larger Hollow bricks (140 mm w x 90 mm h x 290 mm l) are generally used in cyclonic area to ensure reinforcement and grouting in the wall. Wider (150 mm wide) bricks are used in walls requiring lower sound transmission, greater fire resistance levels & higher load bearing capacity depending on the specific brick properties. Circular Cavities are made in bricks. Its’ benefits are that they aid in firing process, reduce weight for handling, provide better bond for mortar. Clay brick sizes may vary after they are fired but size variation between units averages out when blended properly during laying. In most cases, the length of a brick is about double its width, about eight inches or slightly more so as to ensure proper strength. Brick Strength It is defined as the resistance to load per unit area. The strength of brick is determined by the capability of a construction material doesn’t collapse or fall down under the influence of external forces leading to internal stresses. Engineering bricks have average compressive strength of 59MPa. A common house brick is likely to show a range of 20–40MPa. Strength for adobe specimen mean compressive strength: 1.195Mpa, mean modulus of elasticity: 204.5MPa, Mean strain at peak strength: 11%, Mean Tensile Strength: 0.17MPa Strength of EMR autoclaved bric... ... thermal transmittance can be minimized by 1. Avoiding thermal bridges in the brick, and arranging void perforation in quincunx 2. Extending the perforations of void in tongue and grooved area (Tongue and groove is a method of fitting similar objects together) and thereby breaking the thermal bridge. 3. Providing a small gap in the assembly, to improve the bricks conductivity. Drawbacks †¢ The manufacturing of brick emits lots of fluorine which is very toxic in nature. †¢ It also produces electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) which is hazardous to nature. Eco-friendly way One of the research focuses on utility of Expanded polystyrene as a mixture with cement, sand and water and preparing the concrete brick. Which has the average compressive strength of 12.79MPa. te relationship of density and compressive strength is given by correlation fc = 2.43 x ÃŽ ±2.997 x 10-9.

The Holocaust Was a Very Important Part of History

The Holocaust was a very important part of history. From this tragic happening that we can learn from our mistakes so it or anything close can never happen again. Also someone should have spoken up when they saw people being taken away and never returning. Last if someone you knew was hiding and you knew where how could you rat them out, when they did nothing wrong. Hitler was a master dictator that should have been stopped when people saw the wrong in him.Some things we can learn are, that if someone or thing is wrong speak up about it, killing should not go unnoticed, and just because someone is different does not mean they should be treated differently. If someone should have spoken up about what they thought was unfair this whole massacre may have never happened. Killing people is against the law and just because you are a leader doesn’t mean you can kill whoever whenever, that’s just not right. There are also many different races, religions, eye colors, hair colors , and so on.Last if you treat one unfair because of one of their features than everyone should have be treated unfair because no one person is the same. Learning is one of the greatest abilities god gave us and the Holocaust is something we can learn from. How can someone not say something when people they know are being taken away never to return when they have done nothing wrong? That is like robbing a house just because the door was unlocked. You just don’t do that. Even neighbors were taken away for what being different? I myself know that Hitler may have killed you, but it would be for a good cause.Everyone was just scared and selfish, they didn’t care what was happening to the â€Å"outsiders† (Jews, Gypsies, and Homosexuals) all they cared about was that their family was safe. Speaking up is just a little sacrifice you can take to safe peoples lives. Hiding was one of the ways the â€Å"outsiders† tried to protect themselves Gestapo and Naziâ€℠¢s. Say you know where your Jewish neighbor was hiding, would you tell where they are or would you help them get food? I would help even though it would be risking my own life for inset people that are all the same as you and I.They do not deserve to be treated differently than everyone else. It would be worth all pain and sacrifice to save millions of people. Hiding was one of the ways that Jews had some power in the time of the Holocaust. As you can see the Holocaust will and is a major part of history. There are so many more things that you can learn from this happening. If you see people rising to power and doing things wrong speak out. It would be good for you and the rest of us. Lets hope nothing like this will happen again. For the people, the world, and today no one needs such a tragic occurrence and never will.

Children with Incarcerated Parents

fresh jurist And The intend up on fryren of Incarcerated P bents Loretta R. kill Capst iodin 480 Ms. Mel Jones accost Today prisons ar overcrowded and over both million Ameri deals, male, and feminine be academic term in dawdle or prison, and both thirds of those people incarcerated atomic number 18 call downs (U. S. Department of Justice). ab come out of the closet two million of these electric s strikerren argon stranded from their mom or dad because of enslavement of which these argon the custodial parent.These children suffer from poverty, diversity in plowgivers, separation from siblings, reduced education, change magnitude put on the line for substance abuse, alcoholism and internment themselves. Studies commit shown that children who inadequacy parental relationships that deepen loving support with structured punish will show increased signs of unsociable behaviour ( daybook of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21(4). This port is exhibited in chi ldren with incarcerated parents because bonds are liable(predicate) to shake off nalways formed or are broken upon imprisonment.The attachment a child has to their parent, as well as the verificatory controls a parent has over the child, forms restrictive factors that reduce the incidence of delinquency (Abidin, R. 1983). Children of incarcerated parents are non ever more afforded protective factors, and are exposed to higher levels of risk factors that stick out contribute to delinquent behavior. Parental imprisonment increases a childs peril of experiencing disruptions, in instalive parenting, and loss of parental meet and academic difficulties, which can lead to late delinquency.In the last three decades, family life in the United States has changed dramatically. Currently over 8 point quin million families with children below octonaryeen years of old age are maintained by superstar parents, eighty percent of which are ace as a result of separation or divorce (Hamner & Turner, 1990). A significant add factor to single parent households is the estimated eight percent of the children in the United States who control one parent who is incarcerated (Butterworth, 1987).In my head teacher with one family court judge at the Chesterfield County Juvenile Justice Court (Brice, 2012), it was apparent to me that these children are more(prenominal) likely than their peers to become incarcerated as adults (. The parent-child relationship, which is extremely important in a childs development when broken, can take away strong implications on the behavior that has exhibited from the child. It was likewise apparent that according to statistics nation tolerant, more than 2 million children permit a parent who is incarcerated in state or federal prison (U. S. Department of Justice Report 2009).Loosing a parent to enslavement can have a wide range of devastating effects on prisoners children. In an interview with a female inmate (Inmate X, 2012), a mother of three children, it was apparent that the lack of parental bonding had affected non totally the relationship with her mother who was 71 and in bad health, but too with her children. On top of her worry of beingness incarcerated, the inmate had just receipting that her oldest was offset to show signs of acting out and fume marijuana. She spoke to me well-nigh her children ranging from ages two, seven and twelve.This female inmate discusses how much she missed and love them her children, but due to circumstances, she would not be able to be in their lives for five years. She stated that it was her decision for her mother not to bring the children to the facility for any sojourns for vexation of the impact it might cause on them seeing her in a trust behind bars. When I asked her what made her in up in prison, she stated drugs. As a child, she was raped by her step-grandfather and she had off-key to drugs to cope. In another interview with a female inmate (Inmate Y, 2012), she shared how he was forwardd in a single parent household. Her father was in and out jail for various crimes until 1996 when charged with unwilled Manslaughter during the commission of a robbery when she was virtually twelve. It was toward the end of the interview that I learned she is one of five children in a family of two girls and three boys. The saddening fact was that in this family of five, three of her siblings were incarcerated for various crimes. Forty-two percent of men and woman today had a parent who was also incarcerated (U. S. Department of Statistics 2009).We have a go at it much more about incarcerated mothers than we know about incarcerated fathers. For example, over 70% of female inmates are mothers of dependent children under the age of eighteen. Almost 90% of incarcerated females are single parents and heads of households. According to nigh estimates, a pull out of a million children are apart(p) from their parents each year by jail and priso n (Glick & Neto, 1977 McGowan & Blumenthal, 1978 McPeek & Tse, 1988 U. S. Department of Justice, 1992). We do not have this kind of information about incarcerated fathers.The lack of statistics concerning fathers in prison whitethorn suggest that they are a for perplex sort out. Research has revealed that a fathers involvement in his childs life greatly improves the childs chances for success. Helping incarcerated fathers foster stronger connections with their children (where appropriate) can have a positive effect for children. What is undeniable is stronger training of social workers and prison military force to help males with bonding and effective parenting skills. Prisons also need to work on reorganizing see spaces in prisons because they are not always child friendly.This also makes it extremely aphonic for families. According to a report create verbally by Sarah Schirmer, Ashley Nellis, and Marc Mauer of The Sentencing Project, The increasing incarceration of women run intot that more mothers are being incarcerated than ever before. There is some evidence that motherly incarceration can be more damaging to a child than agnate incarceration, which results in more children now ache negative consequences. First, fewer correctional institutions for women promoter that mothers are often located utmost away from the homes of their children.Second, children of female offenders are more than twice more likely to be placed in foster care than are children of male offenders because children of incarcerated fathers typically bear on with the mother. Incarceration can add a tremendous burden to the already nerve-wracking situation of not having contact with the family. numerous inmates are placed not in the same vicinity as their families, and numerous families cannot afford to relocate close to a prison, in order for the incarcerated parent to hobble involved with the family. Thus, there is limited fundamental interaction amid parent and child .This is especially austere for female inmates whose prisons are usually not in the same state in which they live. The average frequency of visits, according to some accounts, is at the most once a month, maybe less. The only epoch inmates get to interact with their children is when person chooses to bring the children to the institution. hitherto when children visit, it is common for the incarcerated parent to lose a sense of closeness with them since most of the children who visit their parents are unable to touch them. nearly half of them grew up in families that accepted welfare, and had a substance-abusing parent.Family poverty, alcoholism and crime set up a subsequent unit of ammunition of generational recidivism. In my interview and time workings in a boys group home seems as though the effects of their separation from an incarcerated parents was significant and played a major role in wherefore they were now themselves locked up. They spoke of feelings of abandoned, while at the same time feeling a sense of freedom to do whatever they choose to do. This is extremely sad working with them because they are not bad kids they have just been thrown into bad situations and most of them are just looking for someone to show them affection and aid.In my interview with a fourteen year old (boy A, 2012) raise by his paternal grandmother utter that she was an older woman of eighty and could not discipline him instead, she spoiled him and gave him everything he wanted. other youthful, age eleven (boy B) was increase by his mothers sister who gave him lesser or no attention because she had 4 children of her own and before he knew it he was stealing cars and getting into trouble for attention My last interview with a insipid aged sixteen (boy C, 2013) was the saddest because he was raised by his brother and sister in law.The twist of the story was that his sister-in-law was molesting him and so in turn, he started molesting girlisher girls in his fam ily. Statistics have shown that these boys were four times more likely to become involved in reprehensible activities than children from the same social economic stock were with parents at home. The pattern continues as they submit their adult life, where research clearly indicates that children who had an incarcerated parent are at high risk for incarceration as a juvenile or adult (Burchinal, L. , Hawkes, G. , & Gardner, B. 957). The statistics that I have learned while doing my research is horrifying. These young children are critical to our society and they are our future generation of potential lawyers and doctors. The question has always been how do we address this bother? I do not gauge there is any easy coiffe to this dilemma, but we must try to finger a resolving power because our children are suffering. approximately are suffering in tranquilize and some are suffering aloud. any(prenominal) way they are suffering, they are insistent for attention and we must li sten and hear their cries.The crimes that these people commit not only effect society, but on their children as well. My thoughts are, the sooner they realize the effects they are having on their children, the sooner we might be able to find a solution to juvenile crime, and delinquency and save our children. human body 1. A transactional model of the predictors of childrens adjustment spare-time activity parental incarceration and reunion after(prenominal) (Conger & Elder, 1994 Hetherington et al. , 1998). References Adalist-Estrin, A. (1986). Parenting from behind bars. Family Resource Coalition FRC Report, 1, 12-13.Abidin, R. (1983). Parenting stress index. Charlottesville, VA Pediatric Psychology Press. Burchinal, L. , Hawkes, G. , & Gardner, B. (1957). The relationship between parental acceptance and adjustment of children. Child Development, 28, 67-77. Inmate X. (2012, celestial latitude). question by L Lynch Personal Interview housed at the Virginia Correctional bosom f or Women Inmate Y, (2013, December). Interview by L Lynch Personal Interview housed at the Fluvanna Correctional affection for Women Boy A. (2012, December). Interview by L Lynch Personal Interview. Boy B. 2012, December). Interview by L Lynch Personal Interview. Boy C. (2013, December). Interview by L Lynch Personal Interview. Brice, L. (2012, December 14). Interview by L Lynch Personal Interview. Juvenile justice system. http//www. fcnetwork. org/AECFChildren%20of%20Incarcerated%20Parents%20Factsheet. pdf La Vigne, N. G. , Naser, R. L. Brooks, L. E. & Castro, J. L. (2005). Examining the effect of incarceration and in-prison family contact on prisoners family relationships. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21(4). pic